Title : Exploring alternative protein sources for sustainable fish feed
Abstract:
The global aquaculture industry is experiencing rapid growth, driven by the increasing demand for seafood and the need to alleviate pressure on wild fish stocks. However, this growth poses sustainability challenges, particularly in feed formulation, where fishmeal and soy-based ingredients dominate. These conventional protein sources are associated with high environmental costs, including overfishing, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. To address these challenges, this study explores alternative protein sources for sustainable fish feed, focusing on insect meal, microalgae, plant-based proteins, and single-cell proteins.
The research evaluates the nutritional profile, amino acid composition, digestibility, and growth performance of these alternatives in aquaculture species. Insect meal, particularly from black soldier flies, offers a high-protein and nutrient-dense option with a lower ecological footprint. Microalgae provide essential fatty acids, including Omega-3, which are critical for fish health and human nutrition. Plant-based proteins, such as pea and lupin, present a viable alternative but require processing to reduce anti-nutritional factors. Single-cell proteins, derived from bacteria, yeast, and fungi, offer a promising sustainable option with a consistent quality profile.
Beyond nutritional aspects, the study examines the impact of alternative proteins on fish gut health, immune response, and overall well-being. Economic feasibility, scalability, and consumer acceptance are also analyzed to determine the practical viability of these feed innovations. The integration of circular economy principles, such as using agricultural and food industry by-products to cultivate alternative protein sources, is highlighted as a pathway to enhancing resource efficiency.
Preliminary findings indicate that certain alternative proteins not only match or exceed the performance of traditional feeds but also contribute to reduced environmental impacts. The study underscores the importance of bridging scientific research with industry practices to drive sustainable innovations in aquaculture. By reducing reliance on fishmeal and soy, these alternative proteins can contribute to resilient and eco-friendly aquaculture systems, supporting global food security and promoting a more sustainable seafood supply chain.
This research contributes to the evolving narrative of sustainable aquaculture by offering evidence-based insights into the development of environmentally responsible and nutritionally robust fish feed solution.
