Title : Enhancing sustainability in Arabian aquaculture through the screening of fish for resistant and multidrug-resistant pathogens in Jeddah
Abstract:
The global fish farming sector loses over $10 billion annually due to the estimated 10% of fisheries that are farmed for food dying from microbial diseases. The aim of this study was to identify antimicrobial resistant aquatic pathogens and to find probiotic bacteria and evaluate their antagonistic activity against aquatic pathogens.
Using the MALDI-TOF MS technique, isolates were identified from Nile tilapia (5), Brown spotted grouper (5), and Red grouper (5) samples obtained from each specimen's mouth, gills, skin, and gastrointestinal tract (four site from each sample, 20 for each species and a total of 60 samples). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution technique. The well diffusion approach was used to investigate the probiotics' antagonistic effect against the infections.
Eight pathogenic organisms were found to cause diseases in aquaculture. Vibrio (30%), Pseudomonas species (38%), and Aeromonas (18.3%) were the most prevalent bacteria. The five antibiotics tested in this study were ineffective against Vibrio and Aeromonas species. S. parauberis, P. fluorescens, and P. damselae are suppressed in the agar well diffusion experiment by Aeromonas media AM, Clostridium tyrobutricum CT, and Zymomonas mobilis ZM. Every isolate could grow in pH (2-10) ranges and tolerate somewhat high temperatures.
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria were found in both freshwater and marine fish species. Antagonistic activity was noticed in the marine isolates against aquatic bacterial pathogens. This work has also highlighted the need for surveillance of aquatic microbial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility.
Keywords: aquaculture; antibiotic-resistance; probiotics; antagonism
