Title : Applications of microalgal astaxanthin and its importance in aquaculture: Recent developments
Abstract:
Astaxanthin is a high-value natural carotenoid renowned for its exceptional antioxidant activity and essential role in pigmentation, making it a key functional ingredient in modern aquaculture. Besides imparting the desirable red coloration to fish and crustaceans, astaxanthin enhances growth, survival, flesh quality, reproductive performance, egg quality, and resistance to environmental and pathogenic stress. Its immunomodulatory, hematological, and antioxidant properties have significantly increased the demand for naturally derived astaxanthin as a sustainable alternative to synthetic pigments. Microalgae are the primary natural producers of astaxanthin, with Haematococcus pluvialis serving as the leading commercial source, while several other species also exhibit considerable production potential. Advances in microalgal cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and purification technologies are improving production efficiency and economic feasibility. This article highlights major astaxanthin-producing microalgae, recent progress in downstream processing, and the expanding applications of astaxanthin in enhancing aquaculture productivity, product quality, and sustainability.
