Linking phenotypic plasticity and environmental stress responses to conservation of endemic cyprinids in Moroccan freshwater ecosystems

Title : Linking phenotypic plasticity and environmental stress responses to conservation of endemic cyprinids in Moroccan freshwater ecosystems

Abstract:

Moroccan freshwater ecosystems support exceptional endemic biodiversity but are increasingly threatened by climate change and human disturbances. Understanding how species coexist and adapt along environmental gradients is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to global change. This study investigates ecological diversification and adaptive strategies among four endemic cyprinid species—Luciobarbus ksibi, L. magniatlantis, Carasobarbus fritschii, and Atlantor reinii—across spatial and temporal gradients in the Zat Basin, Morocco.

Using an integrative approach combining geometric morphometrics, physiological indices (Gonadosomatic, Viscerosomatic, and Scaled Mass Indices), trophic ecology, and behavioral assays, we analyzed 129 specimens along an altitudinal transect (690–1570 m) and across seasonal cycles. Results reveal marked interspecific divergence in trophic strategies: L. magniatlantis exhibited the broadest prey diversity, while L. ksibi displayed specialized insectivory and elevated reproductive investment. Behavioral experiments on 60 C. fritschii individuals showed significant stress-induced changes in movement, exploration, and social behaviors under pesticide, salinity, and temperature challenges.

Altitudinal and temporal gradients emerged as key drivers of eco-physiological differentiation. Elevation correlated positively with water quality and somatic condition, while seasonal dynamics modulated reproductive effort. L. ksibi demonstrated high phenotypic plasticity, contrasting with the more specialized strategies of congeners.

These findings provide novel insights into resource partitioning and adaptive diversification in North African cyprinids. The integrated framework highlights the importance of behavioral and physiological metrics for assessing species resilience, offering valuable guidance for freshwater conservation and habitat-specific management under accelerating environmental change.

Keywords: Endemic cyprinids, Altitudinal gradient, Behavioral ecology, Environmental stressors, Freshwater conservation, Resource partitioning, Zat Basin

Biography:

Abdelilah Ahnich Ph.D. researcher specializing in ecology and environment. Research, centered on biodiversity conservation in Morocco, explores the intricate connections within ecosystems. Committed to bridging scientific knowledge with conservation practices, he strives to develop sustainable strategies for coexisting with nature. Work deep to preserving Morocco's unique fauna and flora, emphasizing the importance of harmonizing ecosystems with human activities.